HomeAnswersHow to calculate IRMAA brackets for 2026
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How to calculate IRMAA brackets for 2026

Published April 6, 2026
Quick AnswerTo calculate your 2026 IRMAA bracket: (1) start with your 2024 modified adjusted gross income — that's AGI from your 2024 tax return plus tax-exempt interest; (2) compare it to the 2026 IRMAA thresholds published by CMS; (3) the bracket you fall into determines the surcharge added to your standard Medicare Part B and Part D premiums for all of 2026. The 2-year lookback means 2024 income drives 2026 premiums, so planning has to happen years in advance.

Step 1: Pull your 2024 MAGI

For IRMAA in 2026, the income that matters is from your 2024 tax return. Specifically:

Add the two. That sum is your IRMAA MAGI.

Step 2: Find your bracket

CMS released the official 2026 brackets on November 14, 2025. The 2026 standard Part B premium is $202.90/month (up from $185.00 in 2025). Here are the verified 2026 brackets:

2024 MAGI (Single)2024 MAGI (MFJ)Part B IRMAATotal Part B PremiumPart D IRMAA
≤ $109,000≤ $218,000$0$202.90$0
$109,001-$137,000$218,001-$274,000$81.20$284.10$14.50
$137,001-$171,000$274,001-$342,000$202.90$405.80$37.50
$171,001-$205,000$342,001-$410,000$324.60$527.50$60.40
$205,001-<$500,000$410,001-<$750,000$446.30$649.20$83.30
≥ $500,000≥ $750,000$487.00$689.90$91.00

Married-filing-separately filers face a separate (much harsher) two-tier structure. The Part A inpatient deductible for 2026 is $1,736.

Step 3: Compute the annual cost

Whatever monthly surcharge tier you land in applies for all 12 months of 2026 — and applies to BOTH Part B and Part D, and per-spouse if you're married. A married couple in the second tier pays an extra ($81.20 + $14.50) × 12 × 2 = $2,296.80 in 2026 vs. the standard tier. The top tier costs an extra ($487.00 + $91.00) × 12 × 2 = $13,872 per year for a married couple.

The cliff problem

IRMAA brackets are cliffs, not phase-ins. One dollar over the threshold pushes you into the next tier for the whole year. If your 2024 MAGI was $109,001 (single), you pay the first IRMAA tier. If it was $109,000, you pay nothing. This is why Roth conversions have to be modeled to the dollar in the years before Medicare enrollment.

Step 4: Decide if you can appeal

If your income dropped after 2024 due to retirement, work reduction, divorce, death of a spouse, or other qualifying life-changing events, file SSA Form SSA-44 with documentation. SSA can recalculate IRMAA using your current income instead of 2024's. This is one of the most under-used planning levers in retirement.

Bottom line

IRMAA in 2026 = take 2024 MAGI, find the bracket, multiply by 12 months, double if married. The cliffs are unforgiving but predictable, and the 2-year lookback gives you a clear runway to plan around them — if you start early enough.

Frequently asked questions

What counts as MAGI for IRMAA?
For IRMAA, MAGI is your adjusted gross income (AGI from line 11 of Form 1040) plus tax-exempt interest (line 2a). Unlike some other MAGI definitions, IRMAA does not add back foreign earned income exclusions or student loan interest.
What if my income dropped because I retired?
File SSA Form SSA-44 with documentation of the life-changing event (work stoppage, work reduction, marriage, divorce, death of spouse, etc.). SSA can recalculate your IRMAA based on the new income level rather than 2-year-old MAGI.
Does Roth conversion income count toward IRMAA?
Yes. A Roth conversion is fully taxable in the year of conversion and counts dollar-for-dollar toward MAGI. This is the single most common reason people accidentally trigger IRMAA in early Medicare years.
What about capital gains?
Yes. Long-term capital gains are taxed at preferential rates but they still count in full toward MAGI for IRMAA purposes. Selling a vacation home or harvesting gains can push you into a bracket without realizing it.
Are the brackets the same for single and married filers?
No. Married-filing-jointly thresholds are roughly double single thresholds at each tier. Married-filing-separately has its own (much lower) thresholds because the IRS treats it as a special case.

Sources

  1. CMS - 2026 Medicare Parts A & B Premiums and Deductibles Fact Sheet (accessed 2026-04-06)
  2. SSA - Medicare Premiums: Rules For Higher-Income Beneficiaries (accessed 2026-04-06)
  3. Medicare.gov - Costs (accessed 2026-04-06)

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