AC
Logo AdvisorCal
Retirement Tax Strategy

Net Unrealized Appreciation Calculator

Should you use the NUA strategy for employer stock in your 401(k)?
Compare NUA vs. rollover to find the tax-optimal path.

✓ 2026 IRS Data ✓ Capital Gains + Ordinary Income
Fair market value today
What you originally paid / was allocated
Mutual funds, bonds, cash in 401(k)

⚡ NUA Strategy vs. Full Rollover

NUA Strategy
$0
After-tax value at sale
Full Rollover to IRA
$0
After-tax value at withdrawal
Tax Advantage
$0

📊 Tax Breakdown Comparison

NUA Strategy
Full Rollover

📋 How the NUA Strategy Works

  1. Take a lump-sum distribution from your 401(k) in the same tax year (required for NUA eligibility)
  2. Transfer employer stock in-kind to a taxable brokerage account (do NOT sell it inside the 401(k))
  3. Roll the remaining 401(k) assets (mutual funds, bonds, cash) to a Traditional IRA
  4. Pay ordinary income tax only on the stock's cost basis — not the full value
  5. When you sell the stock, pay long-term capital gains on the NUA (appreciation) — regardless of how long you've held it in brokerage
  6. Any additional appreciation after the distribution follows normal capital gains rules (short-term if held <1 year, long-term if held 1+ year)

📈 After-Tax Value Over Time

📋 Year-by-Year Comparison

Year Age NUA Value NUA After Tax Rollover Value Rollover After Tax NUA Advantage

💡 Planning Notes

⚠️ NUA Eligibility Requirements

Triggering Events (one required)

NUA treatment requires a lump-sum distribution from the plan after one of these: separation from service (any age), reaching age 59½, disability (self-employed only), or death of the participant.

Lump-Sum Requirement

The entire 401(k) balance must be distributed in a single tax year. Partial distributions do not qualify. The employer stock goes to a brokerage account; remaining assets can be rolled to an IRA.

This calculator provides estimates based on current tax law and the inputs provided. NUA rules are complex and depend on individual circumstances. Results should not be considered tax advice. Consult a qualified tax professional before implementing an NUA strategy.